ot: it is the capacity not merely to understand a subject deeply but to know how to represent and communica... ord, the ways of representing and formulating the subject that make it comprehensible to others." It requir... he most common misconceptions students bring to a subject and how to address them; knowing which topics are... need rich, structured knowledge of their specific subject matter, not merely general teaching skills, and t
resented knowledge as a body of already-organised subject matter to be absorbed by passive students, Dewey ... a curriculum designed around adult conceptions of subject matter violates interaction. Dewey's principle of... al theory: the conflict between child-centred and subject-matter-centred approaches to schooling. Progressi... ogressivism, insisted on the primacy of organised subject matter as the accumulated wisdom of civilisation.
questions that can be applied to any topic in any subject. They define critical thinking as a set of practi... which students assembled their best work in each subject and defended it before a panel of teachers, paren... ind disqualifying. Her schools have also been the subject of a substantial documentary record — Frederick W
ore than five decades made "thinking" a teachable subject in its own right and introduced two of the most w... ge University Press.
==== Teaching Thinking as a Subject in Schools ====
De Bono's educational interventi... ies, he sought to install thinking as an explicit subject of instruction.
==== Twelve Thinking Principles
ation, personal development, deep interest in the subject, or simply compliance with institutional demands.... and is oriented toward intrinsic interest in the subject matter. The **reproduction-directed** learner foc... versity that goes far beyond attainment levels or subject-matter knowledge, and it has informed diagnostic
life in this society require?), and the advice of subject-matter specialists (what does each academic disci... our or social relevance; those who consulted only subject specialists risked producing a curriculum that wa... l — rather than in terms of teacher activities or subject-matter content. An objective like "the student wi
the alignment of cultural funds of knowledge with subject matter content. By recognizing and incorporating ... ipatory appropriation in a culturally responsive, subject matter specific context. Paper presented at the A
wledge involves active structuring by the knowing subject, not passive reception of reality) while groundin... t each stage, not the logical organisation of the subject matter as an adult understands it. Teaching shoul
of a national or institutional education system, subject to influence from policies, infrastructure, and v... ust be matched to the teaching tasks of different subject areas and the developmental stages of different l
ims to capture not just the surface features of a subject but its essential character, complexity, and huma... ural coherence that honours the complexity of the subject without sacrificing readability or literary quali
