http://wiki.edsight.org/ 2026-05-30T11:43:22+00:00 http://wiki.edsight.org/ http://wiki.edsight.org/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=wiki:dokuwiki.svg text/html 2026-04-18T14:58:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=horace_quintus_horatius_flaccus&rev=1776524296&do=diff Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65–8 BCE) Biography Quintus Horatius Flaccus was born on 8 December 65 BCE in Venusia (modern Basilicata, southern Italy), the son of a freed slave who worked as an auctioneer and tax collector. His father's modest but fiercely devoted investment in his son's education was extraordinary for the social class: rather than entrust the boy to a local school in Venusia, he carried him to Rome and placed him under the grammaticus Orbilius, whose enthusiasm for the … text/html 2026-04-18T19:48:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=michel_de_montaigne&rev=1776541695&do=diff Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) Biography Michel Eyquem de Montaigne was born on 28 February 1533 at the Château de Montaigne in the Périgord region of Aquitaine, France, the son of Pierre Eyquem de Montaigne, a prosperous merchant who had inherited the family estate and elevated himself to the minor nobility, and Antoinette de Louppes, of Spanish-Jewish descent. His early education was arranged with exceptional care by his father, who had absorbed the humanistic values of the Renaissance duri… text/html 2026-04-15T08:29:49+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=francis_bacon&rev=1776241789&do=diff Francis Bacon (1561–1626) Biography Sir Francis Bacon, Viscount Saint Albans, was an English philosopher, statesman, lawyer, and essayist whose Great Instauration (1620) and Novum Organum (1620) laid the conceptual foundations of the modern scientific method and made him, in the phrase of his biographers, a text/html 2026-04-20T07:53:28+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=howard_gardner&rev=1776671608&do=diff Howard Gardner (1943–) Biography Howard Earl Gardner was born on 11 July 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the son of Ralph Gardner and Hilde Weilheimer, Jewish refugees who had fled Nazi Germany in 1938 after Kristallnacht, leaving behind a prosperous family business and a comfortable bourgeois life — an origin that gave their son an early and intimate acquaintance with the fragility of civilised values and the importance of moral courage that would run, decades later, through his work on ethic… text/html 2026-04-20T01:14:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=john_dewey&rev=1776647647&do=diff John Dewey (1859–1952) Biography John Dewey was born on 20 October 1859 in Burlington, Vermont, the third son of Archibald Sprague Dewey, a grocer, and Lucina Artemisia Rich, a pious and intellectually exacting woman whose Calvinist earnestness left a lifelong mark on her son's moral seriousness even as he repudiated its theological foundations. He grew up in a middling New England town whose civic culture of town-hall democracy and Protestant voluntarism shaped the democratic idealism that wo… text/html 2026-04-18T19:09:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=john_locke&rev=1776539353&do=diff John Locke (1632–1704) Biography John Locke was born on 29 August 1632 in Wrington, Somerset, England, the son of a country attorney who had served as a cavalry captain in the Parliamentary forces during the Civil War — a background that instilled in the young Locke both a Puritan seriousness of purpose and a practical orientation toward the affairs of the world. He was educated at Westminster School, then one of the most demanding institutions in England, before entering Christ Church, Oxford… text/html 2026-04-19T08:34:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=siddhartha_gautama&rev=1776587699&do=diff Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) (624-544 BCE) Biography Siddhartha Gautama — the historical figure who came to be revered as the Buddha, the Awakened One — is believed to have been born approximately 563 BCE in Kapilavatthu, a town in what is today southern Nepal, the son of a raja (king) of the Shakya clan and his principal queen, Mahamaya. According to the traditional narrative, Siddhartha was raised in extraordinary privilege within the palace compound, deliberately shielded by his father f… text/html 2026-04-19T08:29:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=st._augustine&rev=1776587372&do=diff St. Augustine (354-430) Biography Aurelius Augustinus — known to posterity as Saint Augustine of Hippo — was born in 354 CE in Thagaste, a small town in Roman North Africa in the region that is today Algeria. His mother, Monica, was a devout Christian whose persistent faith would eventually prove decisive in his own religious conversion; his father, Patricius, was a pagan Roman official of modest means who nonetheless ensured that his intellectually gifted son received a thorough classical edu… text/html 2025-06-16T13:45:49+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=benjamin_franklin&rev=1750081549&do=diff Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Biography Benjamin Franklin was a renowned American polymath, statesman, scientist, inventor, author, printer, and diplomat. He played a crucial role in the founding of the United States and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the country. Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and began his career as a printer. He later moved to Philadelphia, where he established himself as a successful businessman and civic leader. text/html 2026-04-20T01:30:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=deborah_meier&rev=1776648655&do=diff Deborah Meier (1931-) Biography Deborah Meier is an American educator, author, and school founder who has been a leading voice in U.S. educational reform for more than fifty years and the first K–12 teacher to receive the MacArthur Fellowship. Born on April 6, 1931, in New York City to Joseph and Pearl Willen — both politically active, with Joseph running the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies and Pearl volunteering widely and running once for City Council — Meier was raised in a household co… text/html 2026-04-18T19:49:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=howard_zinn&rev=1776541764&do=diff Howard Zinn (1922–2010) Biography Howard Zinn was born on 24 August 1922 in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Eddie Zinn, an Austrian Jewish immigrant who worked as a waiter and factory hand, and Jenny Zinn. He grew up in poverty in the Brooklyn and the Bronx tenements of the interwar years, a childhood shaped by the Great Depression, trade-union culture, and the visceral experience of economic precariousness. He left school at seventeen to work in a shipyard and was later apprenticed as a lathe … text/html 2026-04-20T01:41:22+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=ho_chi_minh&rev=1776649282&do=diff Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969) Biography Hồ Chí Minh was born Nguyễn Sinh Cung on 19 May 1890 in Kim Liên village, Nam Đàn district, Nghệ An province — the same landscape of Confucian scholarship and anti-colonial resistance that had produced text/html 2026-04-20T07:43:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=jerome_bruner&rev=1776671038&do=diff Jerome Bruner (1915–2016) Biography Jerome Seymour Bruner was born on 1 October 1915 in New York City, the son of Herman Bruner, a watchmaker of Polish-Jewish immigrant background, and Rose Gluckmann. He was born blind — cataracts that were surgically corrected in infancy — and later reflected that this early encounter with the problem of perception may have seeded a lifelong fascination with how human beings construct their understanding of the world. His father died when Jerome was twelve, a… text/html 2026-04-18T19:08:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=johann_friedrich_herbart&rev=1776539287&do=diff Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841) Biography Johann Friedrich Herbart was born on 4 May 1776 in Oldenburg, in what is now north-western Germany, the son of a jurist and local government official. He studied philosophy under Johann Gottlieb Fichte at the University of Jena, where he developed his early dissatisfaction with Fichte's idealism — a dissatisfaction that would shape his lifelong commitment to grounding philosophy, and especially pedagogy, in observable reality rather than speculati… text/html 2026-04-18T19:08:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=john_calvin&rev=1776539310&do=diff John Calvin (1509–1564) Biography Jean Calvin — known in the English-speaking world as John Calvin — was born on 10 July 1509 in Noyon, Picardy, then part of the Kingdom of France, the son of Gérard Cauvin, a notary and ecclesiastical administrator. His father initially directed him toward a clerical career, and Calvin received his early humanist education at the Collège de la Marche and the Collège de Montaigu in Paris before being redirected to law, which he studied at Orléans and Bourges un… text/html 2026-04-18T15:19:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=john_stuart_mill&rev=1776525547&do=diff John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) Biography John Stuart Mill was born on 20 May 1806 in London, the son of Harriet Barrow and James Mill — himself a philosopher and political theorist who, in close consultation with the founder of utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham, raised young John Stuart as an explicit experiment in testing the limits of the human mind. The education was extraordinary in its rigour and precocity: before the age of ten, Mill was adept in Greek and Latin and proficient in a range of d… text/html 2026-04-18T19:10:09+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=lawrence_arthur_cremin&rev=1776539409&do=diff Lawrence A. Cremin (1925–1990) Biography Lawrence Arthur Cremin was born on 31 October 1925 in New York City, the son of Arthur T. Cremin and Theresa Borowick Cremin, who together founded the New York Schools of Music — an institution in which the young Lawrence worked in a variety of capacities, distributing advertisements, selling instruments, conducting the orchestra, and entertaining audiences with comic routines when performances were delayed. This immersion in an educational enterprise s… text/html 2026-04-18T19:20:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=lee_s._shulman&rev=1776540020&do=diff Lee S. Shulman (1938– ) Biography Lee S. Shulman was born in 1938 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Jewish immigrant parents who operated a family delicatessen — an early and informal school in social navigation, customer relations, and the interpretation of human character. He attended an Orthodox Jewish day school in which Talmudic study in the mornings was paired with secular subjects in the afternoons, an experience that cultivated both the habits of close textual analysis and the convictio… text/html 2026-04-14T17:14:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=marcus_tullius_cicero&rev=1776186865&do=diff Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE) Biography Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman lawyer, statesman, orator, and philosopher whose writings on rhetoric, law, and civic life have exerted a longer continuous influence on Western education than those of almost any other ancient figure. Born in 106 BCE in Arpinum, Italy, to a wealthy but politically obscure family, Cicero was what the Romans called a novus homo — a text/html 2026-04-19T08:35:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=maria_montessori&rev=1776587727&do=diff Maria Montessori (1870–1952) Biography Maria Montessori was born in Chiaravalle, in the Marche region of Italy, and grew up in Rome, where her father worked as a civil servant. From an early age she defied the gender expectations of late nineteenth-century Italian society: she insisted on pursuing scientific studies despite institutional barriers, enrolled in the University of Rome's Faculty of Medicine — one of the first women to do so in Italy — and graduated as a medical doctor in 1896, one… text/html 2026-04-18T19:38:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=mary_wollstonecraft&rev=1776541111&do=diff Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) Biography Mary Wollstonecraft was born on 27 April 1759 in Spitalfields, London, the second of seven children of Edward John Wollstonecraft, a weaver's son turned gentleman farmer who squandered a substantial family inheritance on a succession of failed agricultural ventures and who was given to violent outbursts that his wife and children lived in fear of. The insecurity of Wollstonecraft's childhood — marked by poverty, her mother's submission and decline, and… text/html 2026-04-18T19:38:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=matthew_arnold&rev=1776541136&do=diff Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) Biography Matthew Arnold was born on 24 December 1822 in Laleham, Surrey, the eldest son of Thomas Arnold — the formidable headmaster of Rugby School whose reforms of the English public boarding school became a model for Victorian secondary education — and Mary Penrose Arnold. He was educated at Winchester and then at Rugby School, where his father presided, before going up to Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1844 and won the Newdigate Prize for poetry.… text/html 2026-04-20T00:54:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=nguyen_van_huyen&rev=1776646495&do=diff Nguyễn Văn Huyên (1905–1975) Biography Nguyễn Văn Huyên was born on 16 November 1905 in Lai Xa village, Kim Chung commune, Hoài Đức district, Hà Tây province, into a family of modest scholar-official background under French colonial rule. In 1926 his family sent him to France to study, and over the following eight years he earned a Bachelor of Arts (1929) and a Bachelor of Laws (1931) at the Sorbonne, before making history on 17 February 1934 as the first Vietnamese to defend a doctoral thesis… text/html 2026-04-18T19:48:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=noam_chomsky&rev=1776541736&do=diff Noam Chomsky (1928– ) Biography Avram Noam Chomsky was born on 7 December 1928 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of William (Zev) Chomsky, a distinguished Hebrew scholar and educator who had emigrated from Ukraine, and Elsie Simonofsky. He grew up in a household steeped in Jewish intellectual culture and the political debates of the interwar period, and was exposed from childhood to his father's scholarly work on Hebrew grammar — an influence he would later acknowledge as formative for hi… text/html 2026-04-20T01:36:49+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=phan_boi_chau&rev=1776649009&do=diff Phan Bội Châu (1867–1940) Biography Phan Bội Châu was born on 26 December 1867 in Đan Nhiệm village, Nam Đàn district, Nghệ An province — a region of central Vietnam whose harsh terrain and fiercely proud scholarly tradition had already produced generations of resistance leaders against successive foreign powers. His father, a Confucian teacher of modest means who had declined to serve the colonial administration, instilled in his son an early mastery of the classical canon and a deep convicti… text/html 2026-04-19T08:52:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=phan_chau_trinh&rev=1776588740&do=diff Phan Châu Trinh (1872–1926) Biography Phan Châu Trinh (Phan Chu Trinh, 潘周楨) was born on 9 September 1872 in Tây Lộc village, Hà Đông district of Quảng Nam province in central Vietnam, the third son of a scholar-official father who also trained him in military skills. When French forces swept through the region in 1885 pursuing the fugitive rebel king Hàm Nghi, the young Phan fought alongside his father before resuming his classical education in 1887; he passed the regional mandarin examination… text/html 2026-04-19T08:18:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=pierre_bourdieu&rev=1776586695&do=diff Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) Biography Pierre Bourdieu was born in Denguin, a small village in the Béarn region of southwest France, the son of a postal worker and the grandson of a sharecropper. He was the first member of his family to complete secondary school, and his trajectory through the French educational system — from a provincial lycée to the prestigious École Normale Supérieure in Paris — gave him a uniquely ambivalent vantage point on an institution that simultaneously opened and for… text/html 2026-04-19T08:33:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=pythagoras&rev=1776587639&do=diff Pythagoras (570-495 BCE) Biography Pythagoras of Samos was born approximately 570 BCE on the Aegean island of Samos, the son of a gem engraver named Mnesarchus. His early intellectual formation was shaped by a series of extended journeys that brought him into contact with the most advanced learning of the ancient Mediterranean world. He studied for an estimated ten years in Egypt, living among the temple priests and immersing himself in the mathematical and astronomical knowledge that Egyptian… text/html 2026-04-19T08:19:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=richard_stanley_peters&rev=1776586797&do=diff Richard Stanley Peters (1919–2011) Biography Richard Stanley Peters was born in Mussoorie, India, on 31 October 1919, the son of a British colonial administrator, and returned to England for his schooling. He read Classics and Philosophy at Queen's College Oxford, interrupted his studies to serve in a non-combatant capacity during the Second World War — a decision that reflected his Quaker commitments — and completed a PhD at Birkbeck College, University of London, in 1949. He taught in Birkbe… text/html 2026-04-19T08:27:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.edsight.org/doku.php?id=rudolph_steiner&rev=1776587256&do=diff Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) Biography Rudolf Steiner was born in Kraljevec, then part of the Austrian Empire, the son of a railway station master who moved his family frequently along the alpine rail lines of Lower Austria and Styria. Growing up amid the mountain landscapes of the eastern Alps, Steiner showed an early and precocious aptitude for mathematics and the natural sciences, qualities that earned him a scholarship to the Vienna Polytechnic Institute (now the Technical University of Vien…