lly co-occur in groups of students. The **meaning-directed** learner employs deep processing strategies (rel... nterest in the subject matter. The **reproduction-directed** learner focuses on memorisation and rehearsal o... ly toward passing examinations. The **application-directed** learner combines deep processing with a practic... tructure and explicit direction to a reproduction-directed learner, for instance, is in congruence with that
arranged to support children's spontaneous, self-directed learning. The environment is characterised by two... uninterrupted work cycles, its emphasis on child-directed activity, its absence of external rewards and pun... ngible form. The fourth is the principle of child-directed work: children choose their activities from among... activity, and experience the satisfaction of self-directed achievement — a condition that conventional schoo
n 1927 under the supervision of Charles Judd, who directed him toward the measurement of learning outcomes a... partment at the University of Chicago in 1938 and directed the evaluation component of the landmark Eight-Ye... lum orthodoxy of the mid-century. He subsequently directed the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral S
ne came through acquaintance with a physician who directed him to Galen, Hippocrates, and eventually Avicenn... a's //Canon//, evidence of the voracious and self-directed quality of his learning. Elyot's political career... Quintilian for the sons of the Roman elite, Elyot directed his educational programme to the citizen — specif
e's Epodes contain passages of grotesque misogyny directed at elderly women, his relationship to the slave s... poems (8 and 12) of calculated, visceral misogyny directed at elderly women whose bodies are described with
einforcement but as an active, constructive, self-directed process in which the child is the principal agent... nt. The Centre for Genetic Epistemology, which he directed until 1980 and which produced more than thirty vo
d the attentional guidance that a caregiver first directed toward her from without. This social constructivi... l dead end but a transitional form: social speech directed inward, gradually becoming abbreviated, predicati
but to ride somewhere" — valueless unless it was directed toward social improvement — and that the same was... e. His insistence that public education should be directed toward social improvement rather than mere vocati
ssed through the doctoral programme he eventually directed, the Ed.L.D. He had previously taught at Michigan... model of schooling), Distributed Individual (self-directed digital learning), Hierarchical Collective (socia
Through the 1890s he lectured widely in Germany, directed the Berlin Workers' Educational School, and becam... o awaken in the child the capacity for free, self-directed cognition.
==== Anthroposophy and the Spiritual
hange Leadership Group that Wagner founded and co-directed at the Harvard Graduate School of Education produ... the book and the accompanying documentary film — directed by Greg Whiteley and premiered at the Sundance Fi
