ng (CASTL), and with his colleagues developed the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) and the MyTeach... (2016).
===== Key Contributions =====
==== The Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) ====
Pianta's most widely adopted contribution is the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), developed at t... s inside classrooms. Where earlier tools assessed classroom inputs — materials, curricula, group size, staff
is evident in the application of his theories to classroom management, such as the use of token economy, pre... n Economy ====
The concept of token economy is a classroom management approach that involves the use of a po... or other incentives.
Token economy is applied in classroom management by providing a structured system for r... o implement token economies, such as setting up a classroom store where students can use their tokens to purc
r-led question-and-answer session of the standard classroom — is a tradition in which the teacher or authorit... vation of this capacity is therefore not merely a classroom strategy but a prerequisite of functioning democr... a political significance that extends far beyond classroom inquiry: it is a tool for the democratisation of ... of the Question Formulation Technique beyond the classroom has been in the domain of parent engagement in ed
er become "English." From that formative colonial classroom he proceeded to Princeton University and then to ... uture with less conflict and more justice. In the classroom, critical consciousness means enabling students t... r own judgment.
**4. Political neutrality in the classroom:** locating the intellectual's activism outside t... –382.
* Gordon, D. (2020). "The politics of the classroom are not the politics of the world": An unpublishe
s — at the centre of his courses, and treated his classroom as a space for the formation of critical citizens... ct and Popular Pedagogy ====
Zinn's influence on classroom practice has been institutionalised through the Z... hools and Teaching for Change that provides free, classroom-ready lessons drawn from A People's History and a... ves, and whose judgments belong in the democratic classroom.
===== Howard Zinn's Works =====
* Zinn, H. (
cience and educational practice in the elementary classroom. As an undergraduate at Northwestern University, ... th over 100 students and working with hundreds of classroom teachers in his research. At the time of his deat... t outstanding first-grade teachers were masterful classroom managers; created positive, high-expectations lea... vidual teacher practices he had documented in his classroom research could be sustained and extended across a
eptive engagement with the qualities of a work, a classroom, or a curriculum that can be learned through expe... tained attention to the qualities of artworks and classroom events, and in doing so develop "two modes throug... onal connoisseurship and criticism for evaluating classroom life. Teachers College Record, 78(3), 345–358.
of sociocultural research into how the quality of classroom talk shapes the development of thinking.
* Vyg... ucators, the implication is that the tools of the classroom — written language, mathematical notation, diagra... ractically influential Vygotskian contribution to classroom pedagogy. Scaffolding designates the process by w
the practical world of educational assessment and classroom practice.
===== Key Contributions =====
==== Di... administered by trained practitioners in ordinary classroom and school settings outside the university. Aroun... schools, and that the gap between laboratory and classroom is not a natural divide but a practical challenge
and struggling was itself educative in ways that classroom instruction could never replicate. The contrast b... n letters. Through these works, Phan extended the classroom to every literate Vietnamese who could obtain a c... on must precede or follow resistance, whether the classroom or the barricade is the primary site of liberatio
ng: that teachers work in isolation behind closed classroom doors, that the quality of instruction is treated... f Instructional Rounds as a mechanism for opening classroom practice to collegial observation and collaborati... ard design — beginning with the desired change in classroom practice and working outward to determine what or
g the standards of the experimental sciences into classroom practice and school reform. He studied psychology... operative learning as a legitimate and measurable classroom strategy. Slavin organized the theoretical landsc... to translating evidence into practical, scalable classroom solutions.
* Neitzel, A., Lake, C., Pellegrini
aphy, and history. Contemporary scholars read her classroom as a nineteenth-century instance of what would to... and economic forces that produce oppression. Her classroom brought white, liberta, enslaved-adjacent, and in
hool, teachers asked of every curriculum unit and classroom practice: does this approach give students voice;... ool at the University of Chicago through the open-classroom movement of Lillian Weber, who became a mentor to
==== Emotion, Sensory Learning, and the World as Classroom ====
A further distinctive contribution of Kelle... sition research. Keller also argued that the true classroom was the world: she denied that her real education
