efuse the common reduction of "cognition" to word-based or propositional thought. Drawing on Dewey's Art ... resent (pp. 247–252). Routledge.
==== Discipline-Based Art Education ====
In 1967 Eisner and a team of ... e for the Arts, this work evolved into Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE), which organized art instruc... nation of the nature and value of art.
==== Arts-Based Research and Arts-Based Educational Research ====
on.
===== Key Contributions =====
==== Evidence-Based Reform in Education ====
Slavin was the most visible American advocate of evidence-based reform in education, arguing that schools should ... 2002 //Educational Researcher// article "Evidence-Based Education Policies" helped frame the federal turn toward scientifically based research that underpinned the No Child Left Behin
fluential in shaping discussions around standards-based reform, quality assessment, and school choice.
H... s.
===== Key Contributions =====
==== Standards-based Reform ====
**Advocacy for Clear Standards**: Fi... nd reports discussing the importance of standards-based reform. He has articulated the need for a "tripod... " of academic standards, assessments, and results-based accountability, arguing that these elements are i
s to a sustained focus on learning outcomes. Long based at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University,... ndings that overturned conventional wisdom: input-based indicators such as class size and expenditure per... ral concepts of value added, efficiency, and test-based accountability, and provided the empirical founda... nd advocacy nevertheless underwrote the standards-based accountability agenda of the 1990s and 2000s. Ana
African American students and promoting an asset-based and ecological orientation in education. She is t... nd equitable educational environment.
==== Asset-Based and Ecological Orientation ====
Lee's work chall... settings. Her research and advocacy for an asset-based orientation in education focus on shifting the na... and researcher, Lee has demonstrated how an asset-based and ecological orientation can inform educational
.
Kolb is the founder and chairman of Experience-Based Learning Systems (EBLS), an organization he estab... n that experience, formation of abstract concepts based upon the reflection, and testing the new concepts... n that experience, formation of abstract concepts based upon the reflection, and testing the new concepts... mative, beginning with his founding of Experience Based Learning Systems (EBLS) in 1980 to advance resear
s so through sustained, collaborative, discussion-based engagement with texts rather than isolated skill ... school outside Philadelphia dedicated to evidence-based instruction for struggling readers — and with col... tionally well balanced between explicit, research-based skills instruction and extensive opportunities fo... ded professional development, and pushed research-based curricula — with a school-wide culture of high ex
This principle has been foundational for project-based learning, inquiry learning, and experiential educ... critical reading and interpretation. This inquiry-based pedagogy has been widely adopted in science education, problem-based learning curricula, and the philosophy of educati... ments by [[elliot_eisner|Elliot Eisner]] for arts-based education and by [[ken_robinson|Sir Ken Robinson]
fteen, had developed a practical tactile alphabet based on combinations of raised dots. By 1828 he had ex... oyal Institute — which had the advantage of being based on raised dots rather than letter shapes but was too large to be read with one finger and was based on phonetic sounds rather than letters, preventin... . The emergence of screen readers and other audio-based assistive technologies has simultaneously provide
d]]. Before his tenure, the curriculum was rigid, based primarily on classical studies. Eliot introduced ... system, which allowed students to choose courses based on their interests and career goals. This was a r... took precedence. He advocated for hiring faculty based on their expertise and research capabilities, pro... ignificant departure from the traditional lecture-based approach.
==== Diversity and Expansion of Studen
pment so that teachers receive concrete, evidence-based feedback about the domains of their practice that... al, state, and national committees where research-based practice is most often translated into policy.
... of work treats teacher preparation as an evidence-based discipline: CLASS-informed observation of practic... vary meaningfully across cultures.
**1. Evidence-based training:** replace inherited routines with pract
Neill advocated for creating a school environment based on love, respect, and trust, where children feel ... ual needs and desires of each student.
**5. Fear-Based Discipline:** Neill criticized the use of fear-based discipline in traditional schools, arguing that it
lude older age groups and refining the test items based on larger samples and further experimentation. Th... olved around his critical views on mental testing based solely on quantitative analyses of test scores wi... ies that revealed disparities in test performance based on students' socioeconomic backgrounds, highlight
ditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the positive or negative consequences that fol... , manageable steps and provide immediate feedback based on the learner's responses. Skinner believed that... uctional software programs, which adapt responses based on the learner's behaviors. This concept can be p
ened scholars committed to common standards, test-based accountability, and a basic curriculum. With a Na... break with twenty-five years of advocacy for test-based accountability, charter schools, and market-style... f the Common Core, the increased scrutiny of test-based accountability, and the growing recognition of pr
